Transmission



Feb. 2, 1932. w. c. STARKEY ET AL 1,843,523

TRANSMISSION Filed Aug'. 16, 1926 2 sheets-sheet 1 MMM SQ Feb. 2, 1932. w c. STARKEY E1l AL TRANSMISSION Filed Aug. `16l 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 AND plieetien el August ile?, ere 1929-5131,

eensn'lsswn meehmi-m in which the @bitches may be epereted et mi Wlzheut @leshl;

with e, Glueck te 'enef meh Wein @perse- 'nlve er neperetve et 3 'eeeh .o such. cesehes embeymg e, @mies which may Tire accompanying dre Wi Ve U- Ulstredle Ouf? nvensen; Fig. l ie e-plen View of em" teens mission renueve-d iis. esseeesed lwusm 9; F 2 is e, engmfne eeesen en eef laged seele showing the Esmee ee'friei by the dving en driven ehets; Fig. 3 is en end eeveten of? :me of 'file euaeh-ectuetmg membes empoyec in the clutches in 2; Figs., 5, and 6 me mede forms of dutch? @meeting means which be use im nur device; and is e. trensvese seczen en ehe Hee hh-'Z e? Figa 5 The drawings fmetrene e tfenemssen meehefnism ereue-y ezepeal fer? use in am eutomeb e, bei; it wij-l be event the?, @rensmeeen is e". mte ae such use.A 5in the ree/'ings en@ t'wougheut the speeew tion it will be essemef @me the driving; ehe efue 'ensmssem may be eexmeete te E@ aeewth en eufxemoble engine which relezes, es precticey ell euiaemebe engines new 0, in e eeckwse direction when vewec em ehe freni; ef ehewiemeees The parte our ransmssen as HusEe-e and eeened efe ereeged se @het @le fensmsson mey be use@t with ies thing ehe'; meeting im such reeion., bue iii ,Wl be event thee eu? emmesien ie nei; ime es seek mee pews een be reermnge ine peevde 'fete reef bien in eshe dieetien.

Our rensmisson is empeyea te l'm'sereemn neet e driving shaft l0 am; e dfvem Sheff; il the femke@ of which may be eenmecze; hx'ough the usue rctomcuizeh meehenism with en eutemebe engine en@ the eaner of Whichmey be connected through 'the usuel prepele Sheff; eil universel joint or ees with zhe reef axle e the eutomebe. The shafts l0 ll 'me pref'ed respeevey with bewering portions and 13 efepze to be received in sucebe beefimgs in he ueue rensmission housing (nos show@ ies eem emi, the ehe-f i0 is poved wh egem# M. The shaft U; exsens e'wedly from, the bearing portion and e eWe-'d. em ieee ceved. in en miei recess in the Seen: end of the Ewing sef; l0? end pe'ezeby in e heaving mee sleeve l5 in such miel recessb The geen@ le meshes with gem 9E@ ceed. by ejeek-sm; which efe cere-ies: am imite@- medimeepeed. gem 2,2, e ew-speez and revez'se geef vThe geen 2Q 2Q;y m 24.- eme eM. rigidi with eeeh einher with the ieekehe 2, Luhe effzzer being pmvied efe itsr ens with euitebe beerng pmteme adepte@ te be received in aeeeimgs ehe transmission housing,

Rote/@ably epper'ed from me frvem she: il we gears 80 and S which mesh lnespeevey with the gears 22 and. 23 ehe jack-shaft. The dven shaft i?, eee eemes e gem` 32 efrengec o be rven from Idie 1e verse gees 2e threugh an idee geef 33.

The gees le carried by the rvimg shef'; and ehe gems Si) and 3l oteteby eupperef from the Viven shat are ewevs im mesh Le specnvey Wh theij esseeee gems en the jack-Sheff; 2, and the gems 24 em 3% me elweys in mesh wh the idler gem. 33. By pm Sliding clutches which operate Pespeeavey. between the sheft l em the she: 3.0, Fseweem the shaft and he geez 8G, ene; between he shaft l and the gem? 3L ehe ehe; l mey be viven et various owerc speeds reetive izo the shaft 0.` By prcvdng dutch 'benween the shaft 11 and the geef: 32, the shaft M mey be oseted in e dimmen epposee to the @ireazon ef mteaiom of the shaft beeeeee e151 iti interposition of the idler gear 33 between the gears 24 and 32. ,Y d

rlhe high-speed or direct-drive clutch operates directly between the shafts l and 1l. It comprises a cup`35 rotatable with the shaft l()7 a cup 36 rotatable with the shaft l1, and a e011 spring 37 located within such cu s. The ycoil spring 37 has an external iameter slightly less than the internal diameter of said cups, and the cups are therefore normally free to rotate relatively to each other. It one end of the spring 37 is operatively connected to one cup and the other end of-such spring to the other cup, it will be evident that .relative rotation of the cups in the direction Atending to unwind the spring will cause the the other clutch-cups so that they will all rotate with the shaft 11, we prefer to provide the shaft 1l with splines ll', although thisrparticular means tor interconnecting the shaft l1 and the clutch-cups is not essential. rll`he spring 37 is rovided with an out-bent end 38 adapted to` e received within a hole in the bottom of the cup' 35 in order to'provide an operative interconnection between the spring 3 and cup 35. rlhe spring 37 extends into the cup 36, the recess in which is preferably reduced in diameter at the end of the spring 37 to provide a shoulder against which the spring 37 bears to prevent axial separation of the spring turns or axial movement ot the sprinl `as a whole.

Axlally slidable within and rotatable with thevcup 36 is a clutch-actuating member 46 adapted to be moved into and out of engagement with the adjacent end of the spring 37. The' clutch-actuating member 40- is carried on av collar 41, conveniently a sheet-metal stamping, which is slidable on the shaft 1l within the cup 36. At its rear end, the collar 4l is provided with a ange having notches for they reception oi' the grooved ends o-pinsv 42 which extend laxially through holes in the bottom of the cup 36 and are rigidly mounted in a ring 43. The ring 43 is axially slidable relative to the shaft 11 and is conveniently mounted on a hub portion .44 of the cup 36. The ring 43 is `provided .with an annular groove 45 tor-the rece tion et a suitable shiftu ing yoke (not shown by which the ring 43 may be moved amally to its various positions. l

naeaeae By hthe construction described, the sleeve 4l and ring 43 all rotate with the cup 36.`

The clutch-actuating member 40 is in the 4l, but is connected thereto through a riction clutch which permits but opposes rotation of the clutclractuating member 40 relative to the collar 41. 'lo this end, the clutchactuating member 40 is carried between a shoulder on the collar 4l anda washer 55. A. spring 56 acts between a suitable abutment on the collar 4l and the washer 55 and tends to grip the clutch-actuating member between such washer and the shoulder on the collar 41 and thus produces a frictional drag on the member 40 when it tends to rotate relatively to the collar 4l. f

With the clutch parts in the osition shown in Fig. '2 of thedrawings, al the clutches, including the direct-drive clutch, are disengaged, and the shafts Il() and l1 may freely rotate relatively to each other.l To eect a direct connection between such two shafts, the ring 43 is moved forward (to the left in Fig. 2) to bring one of the teeth 50 on the clutch-actuating member 40 into engagement with the adjacent end of the spring 37. 'llhe torque thus exerted on the spring 37 by virtue of the frictional connection between the clutch-actuating member 40 and the collar 41, which rotates with the cup 36 and shaft 1l, causes the spring 37 to unwind and thus .to expand into firm frictional engagement with the inner walls of the cups 35 and 36. The interconnection of the shafts l0 and 11 thus e'ected is not sudden but is gradual, becauseJ the frictional mounting of the clutchactuating mernbei` permits some relative rolll@ tation of 'the clutch-cups before the iirst spring-turn engages the wall of its associated recess, and following such enga ement the other spring turns successively ecome operative. To disengage the spring 37 and permit tree relative rotation of the shaft l0 and l1, the ring 43 is moved rearwardly suf# .ciently far to free the end of the spring 37 from the teeth of the clutch-actuating member 40. The spring 37 thereupon assumes its normal diameter and recedes from Contacti with the walls'of the cu 35 and 36.

Illhe other clutches em odied in my transi' mission are similar to the clutch yast described. The intermediatespped clutch o` crates between the gear 30 wh 's rotatable on the shaft l1 and a cup 60 which iis xed to such shaft.. The gear 30 has a counterbored recess in its forward tace, the .larger diameter ilessees i portion of such recess receiving-the associated end of the cup and the smaller diemeter portion receiving e coil spring 61 which extends into the cup 60. The spring 61 hes normally en external diameter slightly less then the diameter of the recesses in the ear 30 sind cup 60 and is preferably provided with en out-bent end 6l which engages a hole 4in the bottom of the recess in the gear 30.

.in which the pins 42 o the direct-drive clutch ere mounted. For ease in assembling, we

. prefer to mount the pins 67 in u piene at right angles to the plone o the ins e2 as shown in Fig.. l oi the drawings, ut in Fig. 2, for cleerness of illustration, we lieve shown the pins 67 es revolved into the plone of the section. irictionully connected to the sleeve 66 es b being mounted between o shoulder on such sleeve end a washer 68 spring pressed against the clutch-actuating member by e. springy 69 which acts between such washer 68 and e second washer 70 rigid with the sleeve 66.

The gears 3l and 32 lare provided with counter-bored recesses in their adjacent faces for the reception respectively oi cups end 76 which ere rigid with the she-ft 1l. A coil spring 7 7 is operetively connected to the gear 3l en extends into o recess in the cup 7 5. A

' second coil spring 78 is operetivel connected to the gear 32 end extends into t e recess in the ou 7 6. rlhe coil springs77 and 78 are provi ed respectively with clutch-actuating members 7 9 end 86 similer to the clutchactuatino member 46 oi the direct-drive clutch. 'Jlhe clutch-actuating members 7 9 end 80 ere mounted' respectively on collers 81 end 82, being rictionally interconnected with such coller-s by Ineens oi the washers 83 und springs 84. rllhe .cops 7 5 and 76 have hub portions 85 end 36 respectively upon which is slideble a ring 87 having e yoke-receiving peripheral groove 68. Pins 89 extending through the bottom of the cup 75 connect the collar Si with the ring 67, such ring being also connected to the collerSQ by pins 96 which extend through the bottom of the cup 76. The pins 89 preferably lie in n piene at right angles to the plane ot the pins 90, es do the corresponding pins carried by the clutchopereting ring 43; but for clenrness of illus.

tretion, inFig. 2 of the drawings, the pins 90 Ylhe clutch-actuating member 65 is.

are illustrated'asroteted into the plone of the section.

To retain the ring i3 in its verious posi-1 y tions of adg'ustment, we provide in its inner face three grooves or notches adapted to be engaged by an outwardly spring ressed ball mounted in the hub portions o the cups 36 and 60. The bell 95 co-operetes with the grooves or notches in the inner :face of the ring 43 to hold the ring in its central or neutral position, in e position where the clutchactuatin member #l0 engages the clutchspring 37, end inn position where the clutchectuating member 65 engagesthe intermediate-clutch spring 61.' A similar springpressed ball co-ogoerates with grooves or notches in the inner face of the rin 87 to hold such ring in `any oi? its positions or" adjustment.

lhe springs 37, 61, 77, and 78 are wound so that they will tend to unwind end expand when they transmit e driving torque from the shaft 10 to the shaft il. As wes stated early in this specification, it wes assumed that the shaft 11 was connected to the rear axle of en automobile while the shaft 10 was connected to an automobile engine which rotates in a clockwise direction when viewed from the front of the automobile. lin such a construction, the gears 14, 30, und 31 all rotate in e clockwise direction when 4viewed :from the forward end (the left-hand end of Figs.

l and 2) of the transmission. Therefore, the

spring 37 vwill be a right-hand spring in order that it may unwind when transmitting engine torque to the shaft 11. In order thet it may unwind when transmitting engine torque to the shaft 11, the spring 61 is a left-hand spring; for its rear end is connected to the gearr30 end its forward end to the shaft 11, whereas with the spring 37 the rear end is connected to the shaft 11. The spring 77, like the spring 37, is a right-hand spring. The sprin 7S is also a right-hand spring, for althoug its forward end is connected to the shaft 11, the gear 32 rotates oppositely to the gears le, 3.0, end 3l. It will be evident that mobile has .a tendency to drive the engine, l

as oresample when the automobile is in gear and descending a hill. Under such circumstances, the two clutch members associated with the spring which is at the time being employed to interconnect the shafts 10 and l l1 tend to rotate in a direction to wind the spring thus causing the spring to be reduced in diameter end to receed from the walls of the recesses inits associated members to perl mit their :tree relative rotation.

the associated spring il tra This may be Vadvantageous in certain cases, but unless additional means is provided it prevents the use of the engine as a brake.

To permit the engine to be used as a brake, it is necessary to provide a means for positively interconnecting it with the rear wheels irrespective of whether the engine is driving the rear wheels or the rear wheels are driving the engine. Such a means may be pro-h vided to operate at any ofthe gear-ratios provided by the transmission; but as the intermediate-speed is the only one ordinarily used when employing the engine as a brake, prefer to provide only the intermediate-speed gear with a clutch which will operate when the automobile tends to drive the engine.

For this purpose, we provide the gear 30 with a rearwardly extending portion having an axial counterbored recess, the larger diameterportion of which receives a clutch., cup 105 rigid with the shaft 11. A coilspring 106is operatively connected to the clutch-cup 105 and extends into the recess of the gear 30. A. clutch-actuating member 107 similar to the clutch-actuating members of the other clutches is mounted in an axially slidable sleeve 108. The clutch-actuating member 107 is located between a shoulder on the sleeve 108 and a washer 109 springy pressed against the clutch-actuating member 107 by-means of a coil spring 110 which operates between a washer 109 vand a collar 111 rigid with the sleeve 108. The sleeve 108 is interconnected with the` sleeve 66 which car-l ries the clutch-actuating member of the f ring 43 is moved rearwardly to bring the clutch-actuating member 65 into lengagement with the end of the spring 61, the sleeve 108 will likewise be moved rearwardly to bring the clutch actuating member 107 into engagement with the end of the spring 106. The springv 106 is a left-hand wound spring in order that it may expand and clutch the gear 30 to the shaft 11 whenever the shaft 11 tends to rotate in a forward direction at a rotational speed greater than that of the gear 30.`

The external diameter of the spring 106 is less than the diameter of its associated recesses in the gear 30 and cups 105, and hence is inoperative except when the transmission is in intermediate-speed condition. u

In Figs. 4 to 7 inclusive of the drawings we have illustrated modifications of the clutch- Leeaeaa actuating means shown in Fig. 2. vkThese modifications are all shown in connection with the direct-drive clutch, butthey are equally applicable to any of the clutches.

1n the construction shown in Fig. 4, the spring 37 is operatively connected to a friction clutch member 110 which is rotatably supported from the shaft 11 preferably through an anti-friction bearing-111. The clutch member 110 has a. conical friction face complementary to a conical face on a second vfriction clutch member 112 which is connected as by pins 113 to the clutch-actuating The modification of our invention illus trated in Figs. 5 and 7 is somewhat similar to that shown in Fig. 4.' A friction-clutch member ll'a is connected to the adjacent end of the spring 37 exactly as the clutch mem` ber'llO is connected 4in Fig. 4. rEhe clutch member 115e, however, instead of being carried by the shaft 11, is supported by thecup 35. Its only rotational movement relative to such cup is that required to expand and contract the spring, so that it is only necessary that 4provision be made for a slight oscillationof the friction-clutch member 115. To this end, the clutch member 115a is provided 'at its forward end with an inwardly extending annular flange 1160, in which are a plurality of arcuate slots for the reception of screws 117 adaptedto hold the clutch mem'- her l'115(1 in place in the cup 35. Preferably, some form of anti-friction bearing such as the balls 118 is provided between the clutch member 115a and the cup 35. At its rear end, the friction-clutch member 1150i 1s provided with a conical clutch face complementary to the clutch face of a second clutch member 119 which is connected by pins 119 to the ring 43. The operation of this device is substantially the same as that of the device shown in Fig. 4.

In Fig. 6 is shown a clutch construction more closely approximating that shown .1 Fig. 2. In this construction a sleeve 120 .s slidably mounted on the shaft 11 and carries a clutch-actuating member 121 provided with a peripheral series of teeth similar to the teeth on the clutch-actuating member 40.

The sleeve 120 is provided with a flange 122,.

against which the clutch-actuating member `121 is held by means of a spring 123 which lll acts between an abutment 124 ,on the sleeve 12() and a friction ring 125-which is axially slidable on the sleeve 12C/but which rotates therewith. The clutch-actuating member 121' and the ring 125 are provided with complementary friction clutch faces. The operation of this device vis substantially similar to that of the clutches illustrated in Fig. The shaft 1() may rotate in its assumed direction while the shaft 11 remains stationary so long as the parts have the position illustrated in Fig. (i. lf the ring 43 is moved to the left, one of the teeth on the clutch actuating me1nber 121 would engage the end of the spring 37 and cause the spring to unwind to clutch the two cups 85 and 36 firmly together.

We claim as our invention: c

1. A clutch, comprising two relatively rotatable members, a coil spring operatively connected to one of such members and extending into an arial recess in the other of such members, the normal external diameter offsuch spring beingn less than the diameter of such recess, and manually operable releasable means for operatively connecting said recessed member to said spring to cause said spring to expand into engagement with the wallof its associated recess when said two relatively rotatable members tend to rotate in a direction to unwind said spring, said y means including parts adapted for a fricn tional engagement with one end of said spring so as to permit but oppose relative rotation of said recessed member and said springa 2. A change speed transmission, comprising rotatable driving and driven elements, a plurality' of selectively operable, tower transmitting mechanisms of different speed ratios including constant mesh gearing for interconnectingp said driving and driven elements. the mechanism ofhighest speed ratio including an cverrunninal clutch permitting free relative rotation of the driving and driven elements in one direction and a mechanism of lower sneed 'ratio including means lfor preventingq free relative rotation of the drlving and driven elements in either dlrection.

3. change sneed transmission. compris' ing rotatable drivingn and driven elements, a plurality of members coaxial with said driven element and rotatable relatively theretoq means for permanently operatively connecting said members with said driving element whereby they may be driven at diierent speeds. selectively operable control meansfor operatively connecting said rotatable members to said driven element, said control means including overrunning clutch -mechanism permitting free relative rotation of said driving and driven elements in one direcn tion, and provisions associated with at least one of said rotatable members for prevelfiting` free relative rotation of said driving and driven elements in either direction.

4. A change, speed transmission, comprising rotatable driving and driven elements, a plurality of memberscoaxial with said driven element and rotatable relatively thereto, said rotatable members being spaced from each other axially of said driven element, means for permanently operatively connecting said rotatable members with said driving element whereby they may be driven at different speeds, an bverrunnin' clutch, control mechanism includingr a mem er located between two of said rotatable members, said control member being movable axially of said driven element from a neutral position toward either of the rotatable members be-` tween which it is disposed, means rendered operative by movement of said control member toward one of said rotatable members for operatively connecting such rotatable member to said driven element through said overrunning clutch, and means rendered operative by movement of said control member toward the other of said rotatable members for positively interconnecting that rotatable member and the driven element.

ln witness whereof, we have hereunto set our hands at indianapolis, indiana, this 29th day of July, A. D. one thousand ninehundred and twenty sia. i

"WILLIAM CARLETN DALMAR T. BRUWNLEE 

